پاورپوینت انسان، طبیعت و معمارى

به نام خدا انسان، طبیعت و معمارى

معماری بیونیک Bionic architecture انسان در بسیارى از موارد برای ساخت و طراحی مکانها و وسایل مورد نیاز خود از طبیعت الهام گرفته است. تعریف: بیونیک ومعماری بیونیک علمی است که به الهام یابی فنی از ساختمان، رفتار و ارتباطات گوناگون عالم جانداران می پردازد. در لغت به معنی "زیست شناختی " یا " به کارگیری اندام های ساختگی طبیعی" اولین بار در سال 1959 توسط جک. ای. استیل آمریکایی به نام به کار برده شد. وی بیونیک را علم سیستم هایی می دانست که شالوده و پایه تمام سیستم های زنده است. جواد ایرجی – دانشجوی کارشناسی معماری- دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تبریز

Bionic architecture From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bionic architecture is a movement for the design and construction of expressive buildings whose layout and lines borrow from natural (i.e.: biological) forms.
The movement began to mature in the early 21st century, and thus in early designs research was stressed over practicality. Bionic architecture sets itself in opposition to traditional rectangular layouts and design schemes by using curved forms and surfaces reminiscent of structures in biology and fractal mathematics.
One of the tasks set themselves by the movement's early pioneers was the development of aesthetic and economic justifications for their approach to architecture.

Architects of Bionic architecture

Greg Lynn
Bates Smart
Nicholas Grimshaw
Santiago Calatrava
Norman Foster
Ken Yeang
Daniel Libeskind
Jan Kaplický

LETTING NATURE BE A PART OF YOUR LIVING
AFTER getting bored with the traditional rectangular format of buildings, architects have started taking design cues from biological structures and from the natural world. Hats off to these genius architects who designed some of the most unique buildings out there — the designs are based on intricate mathematical and biological calculations. And without further ado, here’s a look at some of the most incredible examples of bionic architecture in the world.

The Anti-smog building is one of the projects by Vincent Callebaut, a young French architect. It’s a mixed-use building, erected over abandoned railroad tracks in Paris and is now a useful recycled energy resource . The prototype uses green technology that is setting an example of sustainable design.The titanium dioxide coating produces in-site electrical energy and reduces air contaminants. The Ascent at Roebling Bridge building in Kentucky, US is constructed by Daniel Libeskind.

The award winning National Space Centre in Leicester is UK’s largest attraction dedicated to space. The Space Centre is designed to look like a futuristic Rocket Tower. The City Hall in London is constructed to represent and inspire the forward motion of the democratic process in London. It is a mostly non-polluting building that is constructed of sustainable material. Turning Torso is the tallest building in Scandinavia and was created by Santiago Calatrava, an architect who has got flak from people who say that his designs are not realistic. Selfridges Building in Birmingham is designed by architect Jan Kaplicky. The building features a curvaceous space-age design that epitomises what the aesthetic goal of bionic architecture is all about. The curvaceous new store is covered with a dramatic ‘skin’ made up of 15,000 spun aluminium.

The milky way galaxy In our galaxy we have over 100 billion in the system. We are in one of the sprial arms of this galaxy. A spiral galaxy like the milky way has basic components to its visible matter:(1) the disk ( containting the spiral arms), (2) the halo, and (3) the nucleus or central bluge. In addition to these visible components, the galaxy contains at least three other components that are"invisible": the galactic magnetic feild, charged particles trapped in the galactic magnetic feild, and a halo of" darn and gas is dark matter" that is of unkown composition but that makes itself felt by its gravitational influence on the visible matter. most of the gas and dust of the mliky way is contained int he disk. This material between the stares is often termed the interstellar medium. The primary hydrogen and helium, and the dust makes many regions of the disk opaque. For example, we cannot see the center of the galaxy in visible light because of intervening dust clouds in the disk. The adjiacent image shows the nearby andromeda galaxy, which also has the messier designation M31. it is a spiral galaxy much like our own, and dark dust lanes between the spiral arms are quite in this image REF. The disk is quite prominent in our own galaxy and in other spiral because of its spiral arms, which contain many hot young stars and therefore is luminous. These ypunger stars are often contianed in assocations, which are groups of typically 10-100 young stars ths at are moving together through space because they have been recently fromed from from the same nebula, and open clusters, which contain 100-1000 star and are more strongly bound together gravitationally than assciation.

The halo of the galaxy The halo is a spherical cloud of thinly scattered stars and globular clusters. It is the largest component of the Galaxy, extending to radii of about 40,000 – 50,000 parsecs. The disk and bulge components are located in the center of the halo. The disk component includes all of the material (gas, dust, stars, and star clusters) which are confined to the plane of rotation of the galaxy. The diameter of the disk is about 30,000 parsecs. It has a thickness of about 600 parsecs for the cold components (like neutral gas) and about 2000 parsecs for the hot components (like ionized gas). (The difference arises because the cold components have less energy and therefore don't move as far or as fast as the hot components.) The Sun is located at about 8,500 parsecs from the center, roughly in the middle of the disk.

The disk of the galaxy The disk includes the spiral arms, which are long patterns of bright stars, star clusters, gas, and dust in the shape of arms. It also conatins two kinds of star clusters: open clusters, and associations. Open clusters are collections of stars which are held together by their own gravity. They are not as dense as Globular clusters; they typically contain about 100 – 1000 stars in a region approximately 3-30 parsecs in diameter. They survive about a few billion years and are concentrated along the band of the Milky Way. A well known example of an open cluster is the Pleaides, shown below. An infrared COBE* photo of our own Milky Way galaxy seen edge-on from within. The Milky Way is 100,000 light years wide, 10,000 light years thick in the central bulge, and 3000 light years thick in the spiral arms (a light year is six trillion miles). *COBE is an acronym for The Cosmic Background Explorer satellite, developed by NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center to measure the diffuse infrared and background microwave radiation from the early Universe after the Big Bang. This Milky Way Galaxy 200 billion stars page and the entire website are excerpted from //You and the Universe//, a handmade, individualized fine art book on astrology, mythology and astronomy through which the recipient's complete astrological reading is woven.

Urban Cactus in Rotterdam is a 19-storey residential building whose shape is inspired by an irregular pattern of outdoor spaces. The housing project will accommodate 98 residential units.

PALM DUBAI ( Persian Gulf )

Palm Tower

به نام خدا انسان، طبیعت و معمارى 2

1- جهان اطراف ما 1-1- پیدایش جهان 1-2- منظومه شمسى 1-3- سیاره زمین

1-1- پیدایش جهان نظریه مه بانگ (انفجار بزرگ ) THE BIG BANG THEORY

1-2- منظومه شمسى
THE SOLAR SYSTEM

خورشید یک سیاره معمولی در میان میلیاردها ستاره کهکشان ما است ٠درخشندگی خیره کننده خورشید ،فقط به علت نزدیکی به ما است ٠نور خورشید  ۸ دقیقه و ۱۸ ثانیه طول می کشد تا به زمین برسد.در صورتی که نور نزدیکترین ستاره بعدی حدود 4 و نیم سال در راه است تا بما برسد٠در اینجا من فقط به برخی از ویژگی های خورشید اشاره میکنم : 1- تنها ستاره و مرکز منظومه شمسی است. 2- منبع انژی منظومه شمسی است.  8/99منظومه شمسی متعلق به خورشید است٠ 4- انرژی آن از طریق واکنش هم جوشی هسته ای تامین میشود٠ 5- جنس آن از هیدروژن و هلیوم  است٠ 6- در واکنش هم جوشی هسته ای هیدروژن به هلیوم تبدیل میشود٠ 7- تمام سیارات منظومه شمسی به دور آن گردش میکنند٠ 8- از 3 بخش هسته، بخش تابشی و بخش همرفتی تشکیل شده است٠ 9- اندازه قطر آن حدود 109 برابر اندازه قطر زمین است٠ 10- اندازه  آن روزبروز بزرگتر میشود تا به مرحله غول بزرگی برسد٠ 11- ازخود اشعه های ایکس و گاما تولید میکند٠ 12- دارای لکه میباشد که عمر هر یک از آنها بین یک هفته تا 3 ماه میشود٠ 13- دمای سطح آن حدود 6000 درجه سانتیگراد و دمای مرکز حدود 15000000 درجه سانتیگراد است 14- قدر ظاهری آن -27 میباشد٠ 15- یکی از عوامل فتو سنتز میباشد. "بطور کلی مهمترین عامل فتو سنتز میباشد "

شناخت انرژی خورشیدی و استفاده از آن برای منظورهای مختلف به زمان ماقبل تاریخ باز می گردد. شاید به دوران سفالگری، در آن هنگام روحانیون معابد به کمک جامهای بزرگ طلائی صیقل داده شده و اشعه خورشید، آتشدانهای محرابها را روشن می کردند. یکی از فراعنه مصر معبدی ساخته بود که با طلوع خورشید درب آن باز و با غروب خورشید درب بسته می شد. ولی مهم ترین روایتی که درباره استفاده از خورشید بیان شده داستان ارشمیدس دانشمند و مخترع بزرگ یونان قدیم می باشد که ناوگان روم را با استفاده از انرژی حرارتی خورشید به آتش کشید گفته می شود که ارشمیدس با نصب تعداد زیادی آئینه های کوچک مربعی شکل در کنار یکدیگر که روی یک پایه متحرک قرار داشته است اشعه خورشید را از راه دور روی کشتیهای رومیان متمرکز ساخته و به این ترتیب آنها را به آتش کشیده است. در ایران نیز معماری سنتی ایرانیان باستان نشان دهنده توجه خاص آنان در استفاده صحیح و موثر از انرژی خورشید در زمان های قدیم بوده است. با وجود به آنکه انرژی خورشید و مزایای آن در قرون گذشته به خوبی شناخته شده بود ولی بالا بودن هزینه اولیه چنین سیستمهایی از یک طرف و عرضه نفت و گاز ارزان از طرف دیگر سد راه پیشرفت این سیستمها شده بود تا اینکه افزایش قیمت نفت در سال ۱۹۷۳ باعث شد که کشورهای پیشرفته صنعتی مجبور شدند به مسئله تولد انرژی از راههای دیگر (غیر از استفاده سوختهای فسیلی) توجه جدی تری نمایند.

1-3- سیاره زمین THE PLANET EARTH

سیاره زمین، مناسب براى زندگى

َ

الشَّمْسُ وَ القَََمَرُ بح‍ُسْبانٍ * وَ النَّجمُ وَ الشَّجَرُ یَسجُدان * وَ السَّمآءَ رَفَعَها وَ وَضَعَ المیزان *

سوره الرحمن (5-7)

اِنَ فى خَلق ِ السَماواتِ وَ الاَرض ِ

وَاختِلافِ لیلٍ وَ نَهار ٍ لِآیآتٍ لِاوُلواَلاَلباب …

MOON FACE

میان ماه من تا ماه گردون …..

به نام خدا انسان، طبیعت و معمارى درس 3

Nesting of Animals

Birds Nest Olympic Stadium

Beaver

Fighter fish

Spider net

Honey bee

Ant

Silk worm

Total

Ecology & Ecosystems

Living organism
light
temperature
Oxygen
water
soil
pollutants
Prey
Predators
Parasites
Infectious diseases
Competitors
Human
Abiotic factors
Biotic factors

Food Web

Web of Life

The Beautiful Earth

adaptation

The beautiful nature

The Global Warming

The greenhouse effect
The Important Greenhouse Gases (except water vapor) U.S. Department of Energy, (October, 2000) (1)

The Important Greenhouse Gases (except water vapor) U.S. Department of Energy, (October, 2000) (1)

Role of Atmospheric Greenhouse Gases (man-made and natural) as a % of Relative Contribution to the "Greenhouse Effect"

The Important Greenhouse Gases (except water vapor) U.S. Department of Energy, (October, 2000) (1)

The Important Greenhouse Gases (except water vapor) U.S. Department of Energy, (October, 2000)

Pollution Waste Water discharge