Sanandaj
&
Istanbul
In the Name of God
Samira …..
Student of Urbanism
Istanbul
Istanbul (Turkish: İstanbul) is Turkey's most populous city as well as its cultural and financial hub. Located on both sides of the Bosphorus, the narrow strait between the Black Sea and the Marmara Sea, Istanbul bridges Asia and Europe both physically and culturally. Istanbul's population is estimated to be between 12 and 19 million people, making it also one of the largest cities in Europe and the world.
Sultanahmet-Old City
Essentially the Constantinople of the Roman, Eastern Roman/Byzantine, and much of the Ottoman periods, this is where most of the famous historical sights of Istanbul are located.
History
Expanding the ancient Greek colony of Byzantium by the order of the Roman Emperor Constantine the Great, the imperial city of Constantinople was for nearly a thousand years the last remaining outpost of the Roman (later termed Eastern Roman or Byzantine) Empire. It was finally conquered by the Ottoman Sultan Mehmed II on 29 May 1453, an event sometimes used to mark the end of the Middle Ages.
It was the nerve centre for military campaigns that were to enlarge the Ottoman Empire dramatically. By the mid 1500s, Istanbul, with a population of almost half a million, was a major cultural, political, and commercial centre. Ottoman rule continued until it was defeated in WWI and Istanbul was occupied by the allies. When the Republic of Turkey was born in 1923 after the War of Independence, Kemal Atatürk moved its capital to the city of Ankara. However, Istanbul has continued to expand dramatically; today its population is approximately 14 million and increases at an estimated 400,000 immigrants per year. Industry has expanded even as tourism has grown
Orientation
Istanbul is divided in three by the north-south Bosphorus Strait (Istanbul Bogazi), the dividing line between Europe and Asia, the estuary of the Golden Horn (Haliç) bisecting the western part and the Sea of Marmara (Marmara Denizi) forming a boundary to the south. Most sights are concentrated in the old city on the peninsula of Sultanahmet, to the west of the Bosphorus between the Horn and the Sea. Across the Horn to the north are Galata,Beyoğlu and Taksim, the heart of modern Istanbul, while Kadıköy is the major district on the comparatively less-visited Anatolian side of the city. The Black Sea forms the northern boundary of Istanbul
Climate
Istanbul has a temperate oceanic climate which is influenced by a continental climate, with hot and humid summers and cold, wet and occasionally snowy winters.
Istanbul has a high annual average rainfall of 844mm (which is more than that of London, Dublin or Brussels, whose negative reputation Istanbul does not suffer), with late autumn and winter being the wettest, and late spring and summer being the driest. Although late spring and summer are relatively dry when compared to the other seasons, rainfall is significant during these seasons, and there is no dry season as a result
Popular Places in Istanbul
Basilica cistern, built by the Romans
Hagia Sofia
Sultanahmet a.k.a. Blue Mosque
Basilica cistern, built by the Romans
section of city walls at Belgradkapı Gate, close to Marmara coast
The Grand Bazaar
Haydarpasa Station
Belgradkapı Gate, close to Marmara coast
Blue Mosque
Hagia Sofia
The Grand Bazaar
sanandaj
(Persian: سنندج, Kurdish: Sine/ سنە ) is the capital of Kurdish culture and Kurdistan Province at Iran. At the 2011 census, its population was 373,987.[1] Sanandaj is the twenty-third largest city in Iran. Until the 17th century it was only a small village, when the governor of the region, Suleyman Khan Ardalan, built (or renovated) a fortress there, known as "Sena Dezh", which gave the town its Persian name.[2] Some sources date the origin of the fortress to the to the period of Abbasid rule (750–1258
Society
The economy of Sanandaj is based upon the production of carpets, processed hides and skins, milled rice, refined sugar, woodworking, cotton weaving, metalware and cutlery.
The population of Sanandaj is mainly Kurdish, but the city does also have an Armenian minority.[4] Until the Iranian revolution, the city had a small Aramaic-speaking Jewish community of about 4,000 people
Asif mansion (the house)
Climate
The average seasonal temperature in Sanandaj is 15.20 C in spring, 25.20 C in summer, 10.40 C in autumn and 1.60 C in winter. In a study, the maximum absolute temperature was found to be 44 C, the minimum absolute -31 C, and the average annual temperature 13.10 C. The average relative humidity was 69% at 06:30 hours and 38% at 12:30 hours. The average annual rainfall was 497.3 mm and the maximum daily, 61 mm. The average number of frosty days was 111.4; and the maximum number of hours of sunshine over the entire year 2,786.2.
Daralahsan mosque in Sanandaj
Popular Places in sanandaj
Dar-El Salam Mosque
National Museum of Sanandaj
Didgah Park
Abidar Park
Palangan ancient village
BAME-SANANDAJ entertainment center
World's largest outdoor cinema in Amiriye park
Hajar Khatoon Mosque
Kurd House
Khosro-Abad Buildings
Aseef Buildings
Eqbal
Bridge gheshlagh
Inside the museum's historic graves Sanandaj
Khosroabad mansion
Abidar Mountains near Sanandaj
Kurd House